Localization of the ethylene receptor ETR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum of Arabidopsis.

The ethylene receptor ETR1 of Arabidopsis contains transmembrane domains responsible for ethylene binding and membrane localization. Sequence analysis does not provide information as to which membrane system of the plant cell ETR1 is localized. Examination by aqueous two-phase partitioning, sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, and immunoelectron microscopy indicates that ETR1 is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Localization of ETR1 showed no change following a cycloheximide chase. Ethylene binding by ETR1 did not affect localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, based upon analysis of plants treated with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid and by examination of a mutant receptor that does not bind ethylene. Determinants within the amino-terminal half of ETR1 are sufficient for targeting to and retention at the endoplasmic reticulum. These data support a central role of the plant endoplasmic reticulum in hormone perception and signal transduction.